Past Perfect Continuous Tense

The� past perfect continuous tense is formed with the� past perfect tense of the verb� to be , which is� had been +� present participle ( verb–ing ): I� had been � praying .

The past perfect continuous is used :

for an action that occurred over a period of time in the past.

Examples:

He� had been playing saxophone in a jazz band.
The family� had been living in a cave for many years.
The three siblings had been sharing a car.

for an action which started and finished in the past before another past action. Words such as� since and� for may be used.

Examples:

We� had been waiting long when a waitress came up to us.
I had been struggling financially when I was unemployed..
Jack got a job at last. He� had been looking for a job� since last year. �

in reported speech when the present perfect continuous tense becomes past perfect continuous tense.

Examples:

John said, "We� have been traveling by train across Europe."
John said (that) they� had been traveling by train across Europe. �

Mum told me, “I have been using a mousetrap to catch mice.”�
Mum told me (that) she had been using a mousetrap to catch mice.

Past perfect continuous tense not used for states or feelings.
The past perfect continuous tense is not normally used for feelings.

Examples:

No : He� had been seeming pretty angry with me.� �
The simple past tense is used instead: �
Yes : He� seemed pretty angry with me.

The past perfect continuous tense and the present perfect continuous tense. The past perfect continuous tense and the present perfect tense express different times but convey the same meaning as shown here.

Examples:

He� was my business partner. We� had been doing business together for seven years..
He� is my business partner. We have been doing business together for seven years..

It� was midnight and you� had been watching television for four hours.
It� is midnight and you� have been watching television for four hours.

Why� was he so angry? What� had they� been doing to him?
Why� is he so angry? What� have they� been doing to him?

She� had been shopping for eight hours for a new dress..
She� has been shopping for eight hours for a new dress..

Past perfect continuous and past perfect tenses. The past perfect continuous tense and the past perfect tense can convey the same meaning as shown here.

Examples:

We� had been looking everywhere for him when he didn't return.
We� had looked everywhere for him when he didn't return.

She performed very well because she had been rehearsing hard for the play.�
She performed very well because she had rehearsed hard for the play.

Past perfect continuous and past continuous tenses. The following show the difference between the past perfect continuous tense and the past continuous tense.

Examples:

They� had been saying their prayers when I went to bed.
(I went to bed after their prayers.)
They� were saying their prayers when I went to bed.
(I went to bed during their prayers.)

We� had been having our dinner when he arrived.
(He arrived after dinner.)
We� were having our dinner when he arrived.�
(He arrived during dinner.)